Artificial intelligence has made history by beating humans in poker for the first time, the last remaining game in which humans had managed to maintain the upper hand.
Libratus, an AI built by Carnegie Mellon University racked up over $1.7m worth of chips against four of the top professional poker players in the world in a 20-day marathon poker tournament that ended on Tuesday in Philadelphia.
While machines have beaten humans over the last two decade in chess, checkers, and most recently in the ancient game of Go, Libratusโ victory is significant because poker is an imperfect information game โ similar to the real world where not all problems are laid out and the difficulty in figuring out human behaviour is one of the main reasons why it was considered immune to machines.
โThe best AIโs ability to do strategic reasoning with imperfect information has now surpassed that of the best humans,โ said Tuomas Sandholm, professor of computer science at CMU who created Libratus with a PhD student Noam Brown said on Wednesday.
The victory prompted inquiries from companies all over the world seeking to use Libratusโ algorithm for problem solving.
โIt can be used in any situation where information is incomplete including business negotiation, military strategy, cyber security and medical treatment,โ Sandholm said.
BLUFFING
One of the main reasons for Libratusโ victory was the machineโs ability out-bluff humans.
โThe computer canโt win at poker if it canโt bluff,โ said Frank Pfenning, head of the Computer Science Department at CMU.
โDeveloping an AI that can do that successfully is a tremendous step forward scientifically and has numerous applications. Imagine that your smartphone will someday be able to negotiate the best price on a new car for you. Thatโs just the beginning.โ
Dong Kim, one of the four top poker players who participated in the tournament echoed the statement. The 28-year old, originally from Seattle, had also participated in a similar poker tournament with another AI machine built by CMU in 2015 named Claudico.
โIt was about half way through the challenge (with Libratus when) I knew we wouldnโt come back,โ said Kim.
โIt had less bugs in the algorithm. We just ran over Claudico, bluffed it everywhere, but this time I felt like it was the other way around.โ
In the battle against Claudico, the human players racked up more than $700,000 over 80,000 hands, winning almost every day of the tournament.
In the same 2017 heads-up, no limit Texas Holdโem battle, the four human players only won five days out of 20 and split a $200,000 prize based on their performance.
