In a classroom near central Dakar, a group of five-year-old Senegalese children enthusiastically greet their teacher in English: “Good morning, teacher!” This cheerful chorus is part of a groundbreaking initiative to introduce English instruction in nursery and primary schools across Senegal, a country where French has long dominated as the official language.
Since mid-January, more than 600 classes in Senegal have been piloting a new program to teach English to young learners. The initiative aims to better connect Senegalese youth with the global community, equipping them with language skills that could open doors to international opportunities.
“They’re interested in the lesson, and they start conversations with phrases like ‘how are you?’” said Absa Ndiaye, a teacher at one of the participating nursery schools. Her students eagerly repeat English words and phrases, demonstrating the program’s early success in engaging young minds.
A Shift in Language Education
Senegal, a member of the Francophonie group of French-speaking nations, has traditionally used French in public schools and administration. Arabic and national languages are also taught, but English was previously only introduced in public high schools and universities. Private schools, however, have often included English instruction from an early age.
The push to introduce English earlier in public education comes as Senegal seeks to recalibrate its global relationships. President Bassirou Diomaye Faye, elected in March on a nationalist platform, has emphasized the need to broaden Senegal’s international prospects while maintaining ties with former colonial power France.
“Senegal will remain the steadfast and reliable ally of all its foreign partners,” Faye has stated, signaling a desire to diversify the country’s diplomatic and economic connections.
Addressing Language Gaps
Aissatou Sarr Cisse, who oversees the English program at Senegal’s education ministry, highlighted the shortcomings of the current system. “Despite seven years of teaching, students can barely communicate properly in English,” she said. By introducing English at a younger age, the ministry hopes to improve language proficiency and prepare students for a globalized world.
“Mastering English will give them access to opportunities and facilitate better collaboration with Senegal’s partners,” Cisse added.
The pilot program includes two 25-minute English lessons per week for nursery students and two 30-minute lessons for primary school pupils. Topics range from family and colors to everyday greetings, the environment, and the weather.
Enthusiastic Students, Resource Challenges
In a primary school in Dakar’s Medina neighborhood, teacher Mamadou Kama listens as two 13-year-olds practice an English conversation. “I can see that the students are motivated. Some of them are asking for English lessons every day,” said Kama, who holds a degree in English.
While some schools have received digital teaching materials like tablets and video projectors, others are still waiting. “We haven’t had the time to create handbooks,” Cisse admitted. “In the meantime, we’ve provided students with printed documents featuring fun pictures.”
The ministry has prioritized hiring and training teachers proficient in English, many of whom hold advanced degrees. However, critics argue that the program faces significant challenges, including a shortage of qualified instructors.
Mixed Reactions
The initiative has drawn both praise and skepticism. Ousmane Sene, director of the Dakar-based West African Research Centre, applauded the move, noting that English is the dominant language in international diplomacy, science, and cooperation. “If Senegal doesn’t adapt to this way of accessing knowledge, there will be an epistemological wall,” he warned.
However, retired teacher and former parliament member Samba Dioulde Thiam criticized the program as premature. “Introducing English at nursery and primary school levels is a pipe dream,” he wrote in an opinion column. Thiam also questioned whether the initiative might overshadow efforts to incorporate Senegal’s national languages into the education system.
A Promising Future
Despite the controversy, students like 13-year-old Aissatou Barry are excited about the opportunity to learn English. “I can’t wait to study English in sixth grade,” she said.
As Senegal navigates its linguistic and educational evolution, the English program represents a bold step toward preparing its youth for a rapidly changing world. While challenges remain, the initiative reflects a broader ambition to position Senegal as a globally connected and competitive nation.
