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People sit at an outdoor cafe near the Carmel Market as coronavirus disease (COVID-19) restrictions ease in Tel Aviv, Israel October 14, 2021. REUTERS/Amir Cohen |
Four months into one of its worst COVID-19 outbreaks, Israel is seeing a sharp drop in new infections and severe illness, aided by its use of vaccine boosters, vaccine passports and mask mandates, scientists and health officials said.
Israel was struck by its fourth coronavirus wave in June, fuelled by the fast-spreading Delta variant.
Rather than imposing new lockdown measures, the government bet on a third booster dose of the Pfizer Inc/BioNTech vaccine for people age 12 and up, mandated face coverings and enforced use of a โGreen Passโ โ proof of vaccination, recovery from the illness or a negative test for the virus โ at restaurants and other venues, even for children.
Since peaking in early September, daily infections in Israel have fallen more than 80%, with severe cases nearly halved.
โDay by day we are breaking the Delta wave,โ Prime Minister Naftali Bennett said on Tuesday, crediting government policy for โclose, smart and flexible management allowing life alongside coronavirus.โ
Israelโs โLiving with COVIDโ strategy, which has not come without cost or controversy, has kept schools and the economy open.
The Israeli Health Ministry on Thursday presented the latest safety and effectiveness data from its booster campaign to a panel of advisers to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration considering authorization of additional booster shots.
The data show that among people over 60 โ the first group to receive boosters โ infections began declining rapidly about two weeks after third doses were administered, while still climbing among other age groups.
A data analysis by Doron Gazit and Yinon Ashkenazy of the Hebrew Universityโs COVID-19 monitoring team showed the virusโ reproduction rate โ its ability to spread โ began a sharp fall among each age group following the third shot.
Two months into the Delta wave, vaccinated people over the age of 60 made up more than half of severe COVID-19 cases. The majority were over 70 with health conditions that put them at higher risk.
Since administration of boosters, mostly unvaccinated, often younger, people are bearing the brunt of serious illness. They make up about 75% of hospitalized patients in severe condition, while those vaccinated with two or three shots account for a quarter of such cases.
A third dose has so far been effective in curbing severe breakthrough cases among vaccinated people age 40 and up, according to the health ministry.
There is less available data for teens and young adults. However, the ministry said its findings so far show that a third dose has not increased the risk of myocarditis, a rare heart inflammation, in younger people.
โTHE JURY IS STILL OUTโ
Ran Balicer, who heads the governmentโs coronavirus expert advisory panel, said a combination of measures curbed the Delta surge.
โThese include the masks mandate, the โGreen Passesโ, the massive testing both with PCR testing and rapid antigen tests. But undoubtedly, the most important impactful factor in bringing down the Delta summer surge was the mass vaccination campaign with booster doses,โ Balicer said.
In England, where boosters have been administered to roughly 5% of the population, masks have largely been abandoned and vaccine passports are not mandatory, COVID-19 cases are on the rise.
Some scientists said Israelโs decision in late August to approve a third vaccine dose for young adults and teens was premature, lacking clear evidence of a benefit. They argue the focus should still be on convincing unvaccinated people to accept the shots.
The United States and several European countries have so far authorized boosters only for older adults, people with weakened immune systems or workers at high risk of coronavirus exposure.
The World Health Organization has pleaded with wealthier nations to hold off on boosters while many countries struggle to access vaccines.
โIsrael rushed, even gambled, when it came to approving a third dose for the whole population and not to specific age groups as other countries did,โ said Hagai Levine, professor of epidemiology at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem.
โIn the midst of a pandemic you sometimes have to make a decision based on partial evidence,โ Levine said. Nevertheless, โthe jury is still out on third doses for the entire population.โ
Bennett has been criticized by some scientists for rejecting tougher measures that would have kept Delta infections lower from the start. They included government health officials who feared the โLiving with COVIDโ policy exacted too heavy a toll.
โWe have 1,400 people who died in this wave. So there are benefits to keeping the economy open and there is some cost to that,โ Sharon Alroy-Preis, head of public health at Israelโs Health Ministry, told The Jerusalem Post conference on Tuesday.
By September, hospitals strained to care for COVID-19 cases that could have perhaps been avoided, doctors and health officials said.
โItโs a good policy, but it has its price,โ said Yael Haviv-Yadid, head of the critical care ward at Sheba Medical Centre, whose unit saw an influx of young, unvaccinated patients. โThe teams are very tired, burned out.โ
So far, 3.7 million people have taken a third shot, more than a third of Israelโs population.
โIsrael was the first country to deal with the combined challenge posed by the Delta variant and mass waning immunity, but it is definitely not the lastโ Balicer cautioned.
โOther countries that will be faced with this complex challenge will have to figure out their own balance,โ he added, โand the costs can be high.โ
REUTERS