Iranian and U.S. leaders have reassured their nations that they do not seek war. But among ordinary Iranians who already face hardship from tightening sanctions, nerves are being strained by worry that the situation could slip out of control.
In interviews conducted from outside the country by telephone and online, Iranians described heated discussions at home, on the streets and on social media.
The prospect of war was now the main topic of conversation in workplaces, taxis and buses, Nima Abdollahzade, a legal consultant at an Iranian startup company, told Reuters.
โApart from the deterioration in the Iranian economy, I believe the most severe effectโ of confrontation with the United States โis in the mental situation of ordinary Iranians,โ he said. โThey are sustaining a significant amount of stress.โ
The United States pulled out of an agreement between Iran and world powers a year ago that limited Iranโs nuclear programme in return for lifting economic sanctions.
This month tensions have risen sharply, with Washington extending its sanctions to ban all countries from importing Iranian oil. A number of U.S. officials led by National Security Adviser John Bolton have made hawkish remarks, citing Iranian threats against U.S. interests. Trump himself tweeted: โIf Iran wants to fight, that will be the official end of Iran.โ
Iran has tended to dismiss the tough talk as a bluff โ โpsychological warfareโ from a U.S. administration not ready for a fight. But some Iranians say the tension could have its own logic, raising the chance of a mistake leading to violence.
โA DOG THAT WONโT BITE BARKSโ
A labour activist who spent months in an Iranian jail for his activities and asked not to be identified, said: โWar and sanctions are two sides of the same coin, designed by the (U.S.) capitalist system. The working class would bear brunt of the pressures.โ
Some Iranians expect pressure to lead to negotiations, as when former President Barack Obama tightened sanctions that crippled the Iranian economy and led to the 2015 deal.
But others believe their leaders will never go back down that road following Trumpโs reimposition of sanctions. โAny politician who starts negotiations with America would make a fool of himself,โ said a student who also asked not to be identified. โEven (Mohammad Javad) Zarif has given up on that,โ she said, referring to Iranโs U.S.-educated foreign minister.
Zarif told CNN this week Iran had โacted in good faithโ in negotiating the deal that Washington abandoned. โWe are not willing to talk to people who have broken their promises.โ
Trump has said Washington is not trying to set up talks but expects Tehran to call when it is ready. A U.S. official said last week Americans โwere sitting by the phoneโ, but had received no call from Iran yet.
Foad Izadi, a political science professor at Tehran University, told Reuters that phone call is not coming.
โIranian officials have come to this conclusion that Trump does not seek negotiations. He would like a phone call with Rouhani, even a meeting and a photo session, but thatโs not a real negotiation,โ Izadi said.
Despite saying talks are now off the table, Iranian leaders still say war is unlikely. Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Iranโs highest authority, said the United States would not attack as โitโs not in their interests.โ
The logic makes sense to Mohsen Mortazavi, a young cleric who graduated from a religious school in the city of Qom.
โThere wonโt be any war because a military confrontation will not resolve any of the U.S. problems, it will only add to them,โ Mortazavi told Reuters. โTrumpโs shouts and threats are a psychological war. A dog that cannot bite barks.โ
But Izadi, the political science professor, disagrees. โA war is highly probable. There are officials in Washington who have planned for invading Iran for years,โ he said.
STOCKPILING
Meanwhile, Iranians cope with the day-to-day implications of sanctions and tension. Worries over access to products have prompted some Iranians to stock up on rice, detergent and tinned food, residents and shopkeepers said.
An advertisement on state TV discourages stockpiling. A middle-aged man heading home after work is drawn to a supermarket when he sees people panic shopping. He buys anything he can put his hands on, causing shelves to be emptier.
Ali, an Iranian student in Tehran, told Reuters that unlike many, he was not against a U.S. military invasion, as he believed the fall of the Islamic Republic would be the only solution to the rising economic and political problems. โMy only hope is a war so I can take my revenge. I am telling my friends in the university that our only way is an armed struggleโฆ. We have nothing to lose.โ Shahin Milani, a 38-year-old who tweets about Iranian politics to more than 7,000 followers on Twitter, believes military intervention could never bring democracy. โThe people should do it themselves โฆ If someone is truly worried about the threat of war, they should work to create a democratic, secular government in Iran โฆ As long as the Islamic Republic is in power, the shadow of war will loom over Iran.โ
REUTERS
