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| A Kenyan ‘frogger’ slum dweller Godffrey Ndalo uses a broken plastic jerrycan to empty excrement from a pit latrine in Kibera slum within Nairobi, Kenya. Njeri Mwangi, Reuters |
Most of Patrick โMorenoโ Osundaโs neighbours curse when the rains make the latrines overflow. For him, itโs the smell of money.
Osunda is part of a small army, known as โfroggersโ, emptying a growing number of long-drop toilets, or pit latrines, in Kibera, a rust-roofed informal settlement in Nairobi.
Once infamous for its so-called โflying toiletsโ – where residents would relieve themselves into plastic bags then hurl them out the door – Kenya has seen long-drop latrines mushroom in the past decade after international charities and local businessmen funded their construction.
โIt has helped reduce the number of people using flying toilets,โ said Pascal Kipkemboi, a community co-ordinator in Kibera.
They usually charge between five and 10 shillings (5-10 cents) per use.
But while the charities tend to use sewage trucks – nicknamed โhoneysuckersโ – to empty their pits, some privately-run toilets rely on men like Osunda.
He hauls on a thin piece of rope to bring up the faecal soup in an old cooking-oil tin, then pours it into buckets before decanting it into an oil drum mounted on wheels.
Then he empties it into a tributary of the Nairobi River, which meanders through tree-lined neighbourhoods before traversing the khaki-coloured plains of Tsavo National Park and emptying into the Indian Ocean.
โIf we didnโt do this, the situation in Kibera would be much worse because there are no sewers. It would be a disaster,โ he said.
DEADLY DISEASES
Globally, almost 80 percent of the worldโs waste water flows back into the ecosystem without proper treatment, meaning almost a quarter of people drink water contaminated with human waste, United Nations Water says.
That incubates deadly diseases, including cholera, dysentery, typhoid and polio. Pollution is one of the key themes at a United Nations environmental conference hosted by Kenya next week.
Osunda has never been sick in his 30 years of work, he said proudly. Charities once gave his three-man crew gumboots, gloves and overalls. But the equipment wore out and the foreigners went home, so these days he buys the gloves himself.
Usually he makes 300 shillings ($3), but when it rains froggers can earn 1,000 Kenyan shillings ($10) a day, more than double the average wage, according to 2017 World Bank data.
More than half of Kenyaโs urban population live in unplanned settlements like Kibera, the World Bank says. The warren of narrow dirt-paved alleys is home to at least 250,000 souls.
Osunda and his colleagues perform a social service, but they are no substitute for proper waste management, said Riccardo Zennaro, a programme officer for wastewater management at the United Nations Environment Program.
โThey contribute to resolving the issue at a very local scale. However … they are not really the solution,โ Zennaro said. โThey are actually part of the challenge.โ
