U.S. retail sales increased more than expected in October as households stepped up purchases of motor vehicles and a range of other goods, suggesting consumer spending picked up early in the fourth quarter, which could help to support the economy.
The solid retail sales reported by the Commerce Department on Wednesday and signs of a slowdown in inflation raised cautious optimism the economy could avoid an anticipated recession next year or experience only a mild downturn.
While other data showed manufacturing production barely growing in October, business equipment output remained strong. Continued strength in consumer and business spending will keep the Federal Reserve on track to tighten monetary policy further, though subsiding inflation gives the U.S. central bank room to scale back the size of its interest rate hikes.
โThis is not what the Fed wants to see, but it comes at a time when inflation numbers are starting to improve,โ said Eugenio Aleman, chief economist at Raymond James in St. Petersburg, Florida. โThis will keep the Fed on guard and committed to continue to increase interest rates in order to slow down economic activity.โ
Retail sales rose 1.3% last month after being unchanged in September. Economists polled by Reuters had forecast sales would rise 1.0%. Sales increased 8.3% on a year-on-year basis in October.
Retail sales are mostly goods and are not adjusted for inflation. With inflation cooling considerably in October, economists estimate real retail sales increased 0.9% last month.
One-time tax refunds in California, which saw some households receiving as much as $1,050 in stimulus checks, likely helped to underpin sales in October. In addition, Amazon AMZN.O held a second Prime Day promotion last month.
The broad increase in sales in October was led by motor vehicles, with receipts at auto dealers rebounding 1.3%, reflecting significant improvements in supply.
Sales were also buoyed by higher gasoline prices, with receipts at service stations rising 4.1%. Online retail sales jumped 1.2%. Furniture stores sales increased 1.1%. Sales at food services and drinking places, the only services category in the retail sales report, increased 1.6%.
But electronics and appliance store sales slipped 0.3%. There were also decreases in receipts at general merchandise stores as well as sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument and book stores. Clothing stores sales were flat.
The National Retail Federation is forecasting holiday sales will grow between 6% and 8% this year. While that would be a step down from the 13.5% notched in 2021, it would be well above the 4.9% average over the past 10 years.
The upbeat outlook for holiday shopping was somewhat tarnished by Target Corpโs TGT.N forecast on Wednesday of a surprise drop in holiday-quarter sales. The retailer blamed inflation and โdramatic changesโ in consumer behavior for a drop in demand for everything from toys to home furnishings.
Stocks on Wall Street were mostly trading lower while the dollar slipped against a basket of currencies. U.S. Treasury prices were largely higher.
RESILIENT CONSUMERS
Massive savings accumulated during the COVID-19 pandemic and strong wage gains amid a tight labor market have generally helped consumers weather higher prices and borrowing costs.
That support is expected to fade next year as tighter monetary policy dampens overall demand, weighing on the labor market and the economy. Low-income households are believed to have already exhausted their pandemic savings.
Households are also borrowing to maintain spending. Data from the New York Fed on Monday showed total borrowing surged $351 billion in the third quarter.
The growing debt burden could be an obstacle to spending, especially among low-income households, though economists expect a limited impact.
โItโs not the level of debt that matters for consumers, itโs the monthly payments needed to finance the debt,โ said Ryan Sweet, chief economist at Oxford Economics in West Chester, Pennsylvania. โDebt-service and financial obligation ratios are still among the lowest since the 1980s, a testament to the strength of household finances, in aggregate.โ
The Fed has raised its policy rate by 375 basis points this year from near zero to a 3.75%-4.00% range as it battles rampant inflation in what has become the fastest rate-hiking cycle since the 1980s.
Financial markets are betting that the U.S. central bank will shift down to a half-percentage-point rate hike at its Dec. 13-14 policy meeting, according to the CME Groupโs FedWatch Tool.
Those expectations were reinforced by a separate report from the Labor Department on Wednesday that showed import prices fell for a fourth straight month in October.
Excluding automobiles, gasoline, building materials and food services, retail sales increased 0.7% last month. Data for September was revised higher to show these so-called core retail sales rising 0.6% instead of 0.4% as previously reported.
Core retail sales correspond most closely with the consumer spending component of gross domestic product. The Atlanta Fed boosted its fourth-quarter GDP growth estimate to a 4.4% annualized rate from a 4.0% pace.
The economy grew at a 2.6% rate in the third quarter after contracting in the first half of the year.
But slowing manufacturing and inventory accumulation could restrict growth this quarter. Business inventories rose 0.4% in September, the smallest gain since April 2021, another report from the Commerce Department showed.
A separate report from the Fed showed manufacturing output gained 0.1% in October, with business equipment output increasing 0.8%.
โWe might be in for a โsoft landingโ after all,โ said Paul Ashworth, chief North America economist at Capital Economics.
