U.S. Supreme Court permits challenge to Texas six-week abortion ban

U.S. Supreme Court permits challenge to Texas six-week abortion ban

by Joseph Anthony
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An anti-abortion activist (R) argues with a pro-abortion rights activist during a protest outside the Supreme Court building, on the day of the arguments in the Mississippi abortion rights case Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health, in Washington, U.S., December 1, 2021. REUTERS/Evelyn Hockstein

The U.S. Supreme Court on Friday allowed abortion providers to pursue a legal challenge to a ban on most abortions in Texas but left the nationโ€™s strictest abortion law in place, with the fate of the Republican-backed measure that allows private citizens to enforce it still hanging in the balance.

The justices, who heard arguments on the case on Nov. 1, lifted a block on lower court proceedings, which may pave the way for a federal judge to block the law at least in part. The conservative-majority court on Sept. 1 had declined to halt the measure. The justices in a separate case dismissed a separate challenge brought by President Joe Bidenโ€™s administration.
The law bans abortions at around six weeks, a point in time when many women do not yet realize they are pregnant, and has no exception for pregnancies resulting from rape or incest.
The Supreme Court has yet to decide another major abortion rights case from Mississippi that could lead to the overturning of the landmark 1973 Roe v. Wade ruling that legalized the procedure nationwide.
The abortion providers and the Biden administration had asked the Supreme Court to block the Texas law while the litigation continues, but the justices opted to leave it in place for now.
โ€œWe won, on very narrow grounds. Our lawsuit can continue against the health department, medical board, nursing board and pharmacy board. Weโ€™d hoped for a statewide injunction, but no clear path to it. Rest assured, we will NOT stop fighting,โ€ Whole Womanโ€™s Health, the abortion provider that challenged the law, wrote on Twitter.
The Texas measure, the nationโ€™s most restrictive, is one of a series of restrictive abortion laws passed by Republicans at the state level in recent years.
Abortion opponents welcomed the Supreme Courtโ€™s decision not to block the law.
โ€œWe celebrate that the Texas Heartbeat Act will remain in effect, saving the lives of unborn children and protecting mothers while litigation continues in lower courts,โ€ said Marjorie Dannenfelser, president of the Susan B. Anthony List.
The court in the Texas case, in an 8-1 decision authored by conservative Justice Neil Gorsuch, ruled that a narrow challenge was allowed under a 1908 Supreme Court precedent that said state laws can be challenged in federal court by suing state government officials.
Texas had sought to exploit a loophole in that earlier ruling by saying no state officials could enforce it, but the Supreme Court said the challengers could pursue their case by naming state licensing officials as defendants.
Conservative Justice Clarence Thomas dissented on that part of the ruling, saying he would have dismissed the lawsuit altogether.
The Texas law, known as S.B. 8, enables private citizens to sue anyone who performs or assists a woman in getting an abortion after cardiac activity is detected in the embryo. Individual citizens can be awarded a minimum of $10,000 for bringing successful lawsuits under the law. Bidenโ€™s administration has called it a โ€œbounty.โ€
That feature made it more difficult to directly sue the state to challenge the lawโ€™s legality, helping shield the measure from being immediately blocked.
โ€˜THE FEDERAL RIGHTโ€™
Conservative Chief Justice John Roberts, joined by the courtโ€™s three liberal justices, agreed that licensing officials can be sued, but said the providers could also target other officials, including state court clerks and the attorney general.
Roberts criticized the Texas law as specifically designed to โ€œnullifyโ€ the Supreme Courtโ€™s precedents on abortion, effectively denying women a constitutional right.
The court cannot allow legislatures to evade federal court judgments, Roberts added.
โ€œThe nature of the federal right infringed does not matter; it is the role of the Supreme Court in our constitutional system that is at stake,โ€ Roberts wrote.
Liberal Justice Sonia Sotomayor, while agreeing with the courtโ€™s decision to allow the challenge, wrote a partial dissent blasting her colleagues for failing to โ€œput an end to this madnessโ€ and warning that other states could still try to copy Texasโ€™ enforcement mechanism because the stateโ€™s attorney general and state court judges could not be named as defendants in court challenges.
โ€œThe court thus betrays not only the citizens of Texas but also our constitutional system of government,โ€ Sotomayor added in an opinion joined by the other two liberal justices, Stephen Breyer and Elena Kagan.
Gorsuch said in the ruling that state judges and clerks are improper proper targets for lawsuits against the abortion ban.
โ€œJudges exist to resolve controversies about a lawโ€™s meaning or its conformance to the federal and state constitutions, not to wage battle as contestants in the partiesโ€™ litigation,โ€ Gorsuch wrote.
Abortion providers and the Biden administration argued that the law violates a womanโ€™s constitutional right to terminate a pregnancy recognized in the Roe v. Wade ruling and is impermissibly designed to evade federal judicial review.
The Mississippi law โ€“ blocked by lower courts โ€“ bans abortions starting at 15 weeks of pregnancy. The courtโ€™s conservative justices during oral arguments in the Mississippi case on Dec. 1 indicated sympathy toward the Mississippi measure and potential support for overturning Roe.
How the conservative justices voted in the Texas case may not guide how they vote on the Mississippi law because the legal issues differed, particularly relating to its unusual enforcement mechanism.
REUTERS

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