| A woman, wearing a niqab despite a nationwide ban on the Islamic face veil, takes a phone call outside the courts in Meaux, east of Paris |
The UN Human Rights Committee said on Tuesday that France’s ban on the niqab, the full-body Islamic veil, was a violation of human rights and called on it to review the legislation.
France had failed to make the case for its ban, the committee said, giving Paris 180 days to report back to say what actions it had taken. The panel’s findings are not legally binding but could influence French courts.
“In particular, the Committee was not persuaded by France’s claim that a ban on face covering was necessary and proportionate from a security standpoint or for attaining the goal of ‘living together’ in society,” it said.
The panel of 18 independent experts oversees compliance with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). Implementation of its decisions is not mandatory, but under an optional protocol of the treaty, France has an international legal obligation to comply “in good faith”.
There was no immediate reaction from French authorities.
The same committee came to similar conclusions on the 2008 case of a woman sacked by a creche for wearing a veil. In September, a top French judge was quoted by newspaper Le Monde as saying that while not binding, the panel’s decisions might still influence French case law.
RISK OF MARGINALISATION
In 2014, the European Court of Human Rights, whose rulings are binding, upheld France‘s ban on full-face veils in public, saying it did not violate religious freedom.
But the UN Human Rights Committee disagreed with this in its statement on Tuesday, saying the ban disproportionately harmed the right of women to manifest their religious beliefs and could lead to them being confined at home and marginalised.
The committee’s findings come after complaints by two French women convicted in 2012 under a 2010 law stipulating that “No one may, in a public space, wear any article of clothing intended to conceal the face.”
In its findings the panel said the ban had violated the two women’s human rights and called on France to pay them compensation.
Under the ban, anyone wearing the full-face veil in public is liable to a fine of €150 or lessons in French citizenship.
The committee’s chair Yuval Shany said that he and several others on the 18-member panel considered it a form of oppression.
Several countries in Europe have introduced legislation on Islamic dress. Denmark’s parliament enacted a ban on wearing of face veils in public in May. Belgium, the Netherlands, Bulgaria and the German state of Bavaria have also imposed some restrictions on full-face veils in public places.
France has the largest Muslim minority in Europe, estimated at 5 million or more out of a population of 67 million. The place of religion and religious symbols worn in public can be a matter of controversy in the staunchly secular country.
According to French media Metronews, some 223 fines were handed out in 2015 for wearing a full veil in public.