| German Chancellor Angela Merkel reacts next to US President Donald Trump during the G20 leaders summit in Hamburg |
US President Donald Trump said on Friday trade wars were good and easy to win, striking a defiant tone after global criticism of his plan to slap tariffs on imports of steel and aluminium that triggered a slide in world stock markets.
The European Union pledged firm counter-measures, China urged Trump to show restraint and Canada, the biggest supplier of steel and aluminium to the United States, said it would retaliate if it is hit by US duties.
Trump said on Thursday that tariffs of 25 per cent on steel imports and 10 percent on aluminium, designed to safeguard American jobs in the face of cheaper foreign products, would be formally announced next week.
“When a country (USA) is losing many billions of dollars on trade with virtually every country it does business with, trade wars are good, and easy to win,” Trump tweeted on Friday.
“Example, when we are down $100 billion with a certain country and they get cute, don’t trade anymore-we win big. It’s easy!” the US president wrote.
The European Commission, the EU executive, called the tariffs a blatant intervention that amounted to protectionism.
While promising to act “firmly”, the European Union, which sees itself as a global counterweight to a protectionist-leaning Trump, made no mention of retaliation but spoke of counter-measures that confirm with World Trade Organisation (WTO) rules.
“We see international trade relations as a win-win situation,” a European Commission spokesman said.
“We don’t see this as a situation where, like in a zero-sum game, one party loses because another party wins. Trade is beneficial for everyone. It needs to take place on the basis of rules and these rules are in place.”
Safeguard measures, last deployed by Europe in 2002 after then US President George W. Bush imposed steel import duties, would be designed to guard against steel and aluminium being diverted to Europe from elsewhere if US tariffs come in.
But to conform with WTO rules such measures would have to apply to imports from all countries and could also hit producers from China, India, Russia, South Korea to Turkey.
STOCK MARKETS TUMBLE
Fears of retaliation from Canada, China and Europe sent world stocks tumbling and drove investors towards the traditional safe plays of government bonds and the Japanese yen. Europe’s STOXX 600 index fell 1.5 per cent, following declines on Wall Street and in Asian markets.
“It is a real worry because Europe is an open global economy so it isn’t just about US versus China,” said Ian Ormiston, European equity fund manager at Old Mutual Global Investors. “And we will see retaliation there are no two ways about it.”
Steel has become a key focus for Trump, who pledged to restore the US industry and punish what he sees as unfair trade practices, particularly by China.
Although China accounts for only 2 per cent of US steel imports, its massive industry expansion has helped produce a global steel glut that has driven down prices.
“China urges the United States to show restraint in using protective trade measures, respect multilateral trade rules, and make a positive contribution to international trade order,” said Chinese Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying.
Asian steelmakers also worry that US tariffs could result in their domestic markets being flooded with steel products that have nowhere else to go.
South Korea, the third-largest steel exporter to the United States after Canada and Brazil, said it would keep talking to US officials until Washington’s plans are finalised.
ArcelorMittal, the world’s biggest steelmaker with sizeable European and US operations, said it was assessing the likely impact, although it said governments were right to take a tough approach to unfair trade.