The Colombian government has opened the first round of peace talks with the ELN rebel group, seeking to end a 53-year conflict that has killed more than 260,000.
The negotiations with the National Liberation Army (ELN) – the country’s last active rebel group – mark a new milestone in the Colombian peace process, after President Juan Manuel Santos’ government sealed an historic accord with the country’s largest rebel group, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), in November.
“The dialogue with the ELN fills us with optimism,” Santos tweeted on Feb. 6, hours after a ceremony to open the talks in the host country Ecuador. “New generations and the victims deserve that the talks move forward and we arrive at a complete peace.”
The small ceremony took place at a Jesuit retreat outside the capital Quito.
“We have before us the opportunity to finally turn the page on this war,” said the government’s chief negotiator, Juan Camilo Restrepo.
But experts warn the ELN will be a tougher negotiating partner than the FARC.
There was friction between the two sides even as they celebrated the formal opening of talks.
Restrepo warned the rebels that if they fail to give up kidnapping, “it will be very difficult to advance.”
The ELN’s chief negotiator, Pablo Beltran, for his part called on the government to “take responsibility” for its actions during the conflict – saying the rebels were prepared to do the same.
Colombia is the scene of the last major armed conflict in the Americas.
South America’s third economy and the world’s biggest cocaine producer, the country has been torn since the 1960s by fighting that has drawn in multiple leftist rebel groups, right-wing paramilitaries, drug gangs and the army.
November’s landmark peace accord with the FARC, the oldest and largest rebel group, leaves the ELN the last active guerrilla insurgency.
It has an estimated 1,500 fighters, mostly in the north and west.
The talks come after three years of secret negotiations and an embarrassing false start in October, when the ELN refused to release its most high-profile hostage, the ex-lawmaker Odin Sanchez.
A flurry of behind-the-scenes negotiations followed, leading to Sanchez’s release last week in exchange for two ELN prisoners.
In a further goodwill gesture on Feb. 6, the ELN rebels released a soldier they had captured two weeks earlier.