Subsidies given by the U.S. state of Washington to Boeing are illegal, the World Trade Organization said on Nov. 28, in a victory for rival aircraft maker Airbus and the European Union.
The ruling from a WTO panel is the latest blow in a drawn out trans-Atlantic battle between the aviation industry’s two titans, which has seen both Airbus and Boeing score points along the way.
The WTO said that subsidies set up by Washington state to support production of Boeing’s 777X jet were “prohibited” as they encouraged the use of domestic materials, fuelling trade distortions.
The panel called for the subsidies to be withdrawn within 90 days.
Airbus was represented by the European Union in the case while the US federal government fought for Boeing and Washington state because companies and regional authorities do not have standing at the Geneva-based WTO.
Boeing said it expects the US to appeal against the decision.
“After any appeal, we fully expect Boeing to preserve every aspect of the Washington state incentives, including the 777X revenue tax rate,” said J. Michael Luttig, Boeing’s general counsel.
According to Airbus’s own estimates, Washington state has given Boeing tax breaks worth $8.7 billion (8.2 billion euros) in a scheme scheduled to run through 2040.
Boeing has dismissed those numbers, putting the benefits to date at a maximum of $1 billion.
“The 777X will not cost Boeing a single dollar to develop thanks to Washington State’s taxpayers,” Airbus president Fabrice Bregier said in a statement of the aircraft that is expected to be market ready by 2020.
“This cannot go on any longer. It is time for the US Trade Representative to insist that Boeing cease its anti-competitive behaviour,” he added.
The WTO, which aims to create a level playing field in global trade, does not have the ability to force compliance with its rulings, but can approve retaliatory measures which in theory can pressure trade manipulators to fall into line.
Calling the ruling “an important victory for the EU,” the bloc’s trade commissioner Cecilia Malmstrom said she expected the United States “to respect the rules, uphold fair competition and withdraw these subsidies without any delay.”
A spokesman for the U.S. Trade Representative said the agency was reviewing the ruling, but suggested it was ready to fight on behalf of the U.S. aerospace giant.
“This case is a small fraction of the overall aerospace dispute, on which the WTO has found overwhelmingly in the United States’ favor,” spokesman Matt McAlvanah said in a statement, adding that “the US government will continue to hold the EU to account for illegal, market distorting subsidies.”