Afghanistan saw a 10 percent jump in opium cultivation this year, a sharp rise owing to favorable weather, growing insecurity and declining international support for counter-narcotics operations, the U.N. said on Oct. 23.
Cultivation dropped last year due to drought conditions but it has been on the rise in the past decade, fuelling the Taliban insurgency and spurring a growing crisis of drug addiction despite costly US-led counter-narcotics programs.
High levels of cultivation this year meant the total opium production soared 43 percent, a U.N. Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) report said, citing better yields and highlighting a “worrying reversal” in efforts to combat the scourge of drugs.
“The cultivation has increased by 10 percent this year compared to the same time in 2015 – from 183,000 hectares to 201,000 hectares,” counter-narcotics minister Salamat Azimi told reporters while releasing the U.N. report.
“Ninety-three percent of the cultivation has taken place in the southern, eastern and western parts of the country.”
The southern restive province of Helmand remained the country’s top poppy cultivating province, followed by Badghis, Kandahar, Uruzgan, Nangarhar and Farah – all hotbeds of insurgent activity.
Officials cited falling international donor support and growing insecurity as the main reasons for the increase in cultivation.
Eradication efforts also appeared to collapse. A total of 355 hectares of poppy eradication was carried out this year, a 91 percent decrease from 2015.
“In 2016, farmers’ resistance against poppy eradication operations was occasionally expressed through direct attacks on eradication teams,” the UN report said.
In a glimmer of positive news, the number of poppy-free provinces in Afghanistan decreased from 14 to 13 this year, with opium farms wiped out from northern Jawzjan, another hotbed of Taliban activity.
Afghanistan saw a drop in opium cultivation last year for the first time since 2009, a UN report said, citing drought conditions as a key reason for the decline. But that was seen as a temporary blip. Poppy farmers in Afghanistan, the world’s leading producer of opium, are often taxed by the Taliban, who use the cash to help fund their insurgency against government and NATO forces.
“Most of the wars in Afghanistan are financed by income from poppy. Anywhere you see poppy in Afghanistan you see fighting there,” said Baz Mohammad Ahmadi, deputy minister of interior for counter narcotics.
International donors have splurged billions of dollars on counter-narcotics efforts in Afghanistan over the past decade, including efforts encouraging farmers to switch to other cash crops such as saffron. But those efforts have shown little results.
Addiction levels have also risen sharply — from almost nothing under the 1996-2001 Taliban regime — giving rise to a new generation of addicts since the 2001 US-led invasion of Afghanistan.