Britain’s economy appears to be shrinking at the fastest rate since the
financial crisis in the wake of last month’s Brexit vote, according to a
business activity index that posted the biggest drop in its 20-year
history.
An early edition of Markit’s purchasing managers’
indices showed the services sector – one of the few drivers of British
economic growth – has been hit especially hard by the vote to leave the
European Union, with orders plunging and confidence crumbling.
The
PMI for the services sector fell to 47.4 in July from 52.3 in June, the
steepest drop since records began in 1996 and the worst reading since
March 2009, around the low point of the global economic recession.
Economists polled by Reuters had expected a much smaller fall to 49.2.
The
evidence of a sharp drop in business activity across a broad swathe of
Britain’s economy may alarm the Bank of England, which is trying to
decide how aggressively it needs to act to cushion the shock of the
referendum vote.
Following the report, sterling fell by a cent against the dollar to the day’s low and British government bond prices rose.
“This
is the first major survey showing the pace of activity through the
economy and it is soft. Taken literally it would imply a period of
contraction in the economy,” Investec analyst Philip Shaw said.
“It
might be a little bit early to draw firm conclusions but it certainly
looks as though the second half of the year will be weaker than the
first.”
The BoE’s own research, published on Wednesday along
with some other surveys, had pointed to a big rise in uncertainty but a
relatively limited initial drop in activity.
Markit’s figures
are one-off ‘flash’ versions of its monthly surveys. They are based on
85 percent of the normal number of responses, collected from July 12 to
21 to capture sentiment after the Brexit vote. Markit will update the
figures early next month.
Markit said that if the PMIs stayed at
these levels, they would be consistent with the economy shrinking at a
quarterly pace of 0.4 percent, a rate of decline not seen since the
2008-09 recession.
“July saw a dramatic deterioration in the economy,” said Chris Williamson, Markit’s chief economist.
“The
downturn, whether manifesting itself in order book cancelations, a lack
of new orders or the postponement or halting of projects, was most
commonly attributed in one way or another to Brexit.”
The manufacturing PMI fell to 49.1 from 52.1 in June, the lowest since February 2013.
The
composite index, which combines services and manufacturing, slumped to
47.7 from 52.4, the weakest reading since April 2009.
There were
few bright spots. Sterling’s plunge to its lowest level against the
dollar since the mid-1980s after the referendum helped manufacturing
exports expand at the fastest pace in almost two years.
But the
pound’s fall also pushed up the costs faced by British manufacturers for
energy and raw material at the fastest pace in five years.
BoE
Governor Mark Carney has warned that the central bank would probably
face a trade-off between slower economic growth and higher inflation if
Britain voted to leave the EU.
Business expectations for the next year among services companies cratered to the lowest level since January 2009.
The
new orders index for services firms fell by the largest amount on
record, and there was the first decline, albeit slight, in services
employment since December 2012.
Williamson said there was some
improvement in the data after the appointment of Theresa May as prime
minister last week, but whether the PMIs will improve next month remains
to be seen.
“With policymakers waiting to see hard data on the
state of the economy before considering more stimulus, the slump in the
PMI will provide a powerful argument for swift action,” Williamson
said.
A Reuters poll earlier this week predicted Britain’s
economy would slide into recession in the coming year, forcing the BoE
to cut interest rates next month and start purchasing bonds again.